NSO Group

The complaint accuses the Israeli firm of running a phishing campaign that tricks users into clicking links leading to malicious websites, and of testing its products on WhatsApp accounts and groups.

Al Jazeera investigated the UK's use of Israeli-developed Pegasus spyware in the region, documenting how NSO Group's technology contributes to the infrastructure of surveillance and control underpinning Israeli military operations in Palestine.

A jury ordered NSO Group to pay Meta $168M in damages for illegally deploying Pegasus spyware by exploiting a WhatsApp vulnerability, in a landmark ruling against the Israeli spyware firm. The judge later reduced the amount.

A US court found NSO Group liable for exploiting a WhatsApp vulnerability to install Pegasus spyware on targets' devices. Amnesty International welcomed the ruling as a step toward accountability for those targeted with Pegasus, including Palestinian human rights defenders.

Reports emerged that Israel attempted to obstruct a US lawsuit brought by Meta's WhatsApp against NSO Group, relating to the exploitation of a WhatsApp vulnerability to install Pegasus spyware on targets' devices.

NSO Group's Pegasus spyware was discovered on the devices of six Palestinian human rights defenders working at organisations including Al-Haq, Addameer and Defence for Children International-Palestine. Israel subsequently designated all six organisations as terrorist groups.

Citizen Lab research tracked NSO Group's Pegasus spyware — classified as a weapon requiring Israeli government export approval — to active operations in 45 countries, with confirmed uses against Palestinian and Lebanese targets.